His102
R. Whisonant, Instructor
PART TWO OUTLINE
1.
Industrial
Revolution
2.
a. Agriculture to machine manufacturing economy
b. Rural to urban
c. Why
d. Coal and iron
e. Good trans.system
f. Supply of labor
g. Capital
h. Raw materials
i. Cooperation between govt and private
j. Political stability
3. new technology
4. new inventions
5. cotton industry, steam engine
6. impact of Industrial Revolution
a. family uprooted families
b. cities urbanization(horrible places to live and work)
c.
Social
structure
i. Middle class two levels (upper and lower)
ii. Proletariat farmers, miners,city workers
7. city workers(3 types)
a. artisans
b. servants
c. factory workers
8. Holy Monday
9.
Impact
of Napoleon
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15. French Islands, East Indies
16. Era of New Ideas
17. conservatism-upper classes, reaction against the revolution
18. liberalism-Middle class, wished to retain the ideals and gains of the Revolution
19. nationalism-freedom for all ethnic groups,
20. socialism-based on equality and cooperation
21. Romanticism-reaction against the Enlightenment
22. emotion,imagination,irrational
23. Nationalism- characteristics
24. replaced religion as the spiritual movement of the 19th century
25. Romantic Movement aided the rise of nationalism
26. Johann Herder
27. Volksgeist found in history, language, literature, traditions
28. roots found with the Germans and Slavs of Eastern Europe
29. principle of the sovereignty of the people
30. independence, self-rule, liberation
31. German Romantics were strong advocates of nationalism with one dangerous additive
32. nation more important than the individual
33. Overall the strongest advocates of nationalism came from the liberals
34. unification of
35. creation of a
36. freedom for
37. promoted the disintegration of the Austrian Empire
38. Liberals failed to recognize the danger in nationalism-suppression of individual rights to the will of the nation
39.
40. liberalism + nationalism
41. conservatism
42. conservative aristocrats determined to retain control
43. censorship
44. secret police
45. use of force
46.
47. Metternich
48. Hapsburg
49. Major aims- destroy liberalism and nationalism, restore the traditional rulers, create a balance of power system
50.
51.
52.
53. France Talleyrand
54. War??
55.
56. K. of
57.
58. opposed by
59.
60.
61. The settlement
a.
b. French conquests taken away but ended up with more territory than before the revolution
c. To
guide against
d.
62.
a.
b.
c.
d. German Confederation of 39 states
e. All rulers deposed by Napoleon are returned
63. balance of power system
64. criticism of ignoring realities
65. but results have to admired
66. Quintuple
67.
68. Concert of
69. repression of liberal and nationalist ideas
70.
71.
72. K. of Two Sicilys
+
73.
74.
75. Decembrist Uprising
76. Nicholas I
77. supplied future revolutionaries with martyrs and knowledge of the need for mass support
78. First failure of Metternichs system
79. Greek rebellion 1821 29
80. Turks legitimate rulers?
81. Christians- Greeks
82. Revolutions 1830 32
83.
1. Louis XVIII
2. French restoration
3. moderate course
4. Charter kept many reforms made during revolutionary and Napoleonic eras
5. ultras (Royalists)
6. Charles X
7. liberal majority in parliamentary elections of 1830
8. July Ordinances
9. rebellion
10. Duc dOrleans
11. Louis Philippe
12. Holland/Belgium
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19. Peasants
20. Revolutions
of 1848
21. violent liberal and nationalist revolution
22. Aggravated
by food shortages
23. February
Rev. Paris
24. 1830 Louis Philippe
Liberals wealthy bourgeois
25. Nationalists boring little businessman
26. working class betrayed 1789 1830
27. socialism
28. protest
29. provisional Government
30. June Days or Revolution
31. A social Revolution with its demand to end poverty
32. Red flag was raised as a symbol of the revolutionary activities of the proletariat
33. December, 1848
34. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
35.
36. Confederation of 39 states, aristocratic Rulers
37. nationalism-unification
38. March Days
39. Frederick William IV
40.
41. liberal victory was deceptive
42. Armies loyal
43. revolutionaries became divided along class lines
44. Discredited liberalism
45.
46.
47. Hapsburgs
48. Germans 25 percent
49. Magyars 15 percent
50. Slavic peoples
51. police state
52.
53. Metternich forced to resign
54. Ferdinand I
55. Czech
56. Magyars
57. Italians
58. Louis Kossuth radical Magyar nationalist
59. Impact- rulers realized reform had to come
60. 1850 1900 New Ideas
61. Science the rage, impacted intellectual thought
62. Realism
63. the art of observation
64. Realists- external world, how people lived, everyday life, social conditions
65. Philosophy Positivism
66. applied scientific methods to society
67. Auguste Comte father of sociology, the idea that sociology was a science that could discover laws of social behavior was first asserted by Comte
68. this era changed views on the origins of man
69. Darwin, Charles
70. Sir Charles Lyell- Principles of Geology
71. Erasmus Darwin-Zoonomia
72. Origin of Species 1859
73. the center piece of his theories were based upon the concept of natural selection
74. Descent of Man 1871
75. impact
76. Social Darwinism- ideas taken by other, distorted to fit their views of society
77. survival of the fittest applied to society and nations ,racial superiority
78. Marxism
79. Karl Marx
80. law, philosophy
81.
82. Engels
83. Communist Manifesto (1848)
84. Das Kapital (1867)
85. Marxs world view was called economic determinism
86. To Marx, the history of the world was explained by a succession of struggles between the classes
87. Unification of
88. nationalist revolutions of 1848 failed but the desire refused to die
89. might, power
90. Realpolitik- politics of reality
91.
92. Forces against
93. K. of two
94.
95.
96. K. of
97. H. of
98. regional differences
99. Forces for unification
100. middle class
101. past glory
102. Carbonari led revolutions in 1820-21 and 1831
103. failure of 1831
104. G. Mazzini
105. Risorgimento
106. Rev. of 1848
107.
108. Austrians used force
109.
K. of
110. V. Emmanuel, king
111. Count Camillo Cavour chief minister
112. Major concern
113. increase power of P-S
114. Cavours method of unification 1. Use of arms, 2. Secret diplomacy
115. needed allies
116. Crimean War 1855
117. Nicholas I
118. Ottoman
119.
120. Orthodox
121.
122. French Catholic
123. Fr. Br. vs. Russ
124. Napoleon III
125. Treaty of 1858
126.
127. Austro Sardinian War 1859
128.
129. Giuseppe Garibaldi
130.
fled to
131.
led independence
movements in
132.
1848 supported the
133.
134. Red Shirts
135. used by Cavour
136. conquest of the Kingdom of Two Sicilys
137.
138.
139. conquests to K. Emmanuel
140.
1861 united except for
141. 1866 Austro Prussian-got Venetia
142.
1870 Franco Prussian- got
143.
144. Impact of 1848
145. liberals abandoned
146. respect for power politics
147.
148. militarism in the 17th and 18th centuries
149. Junkers class
150. small middle class
151. no tradition of constitutional government
152. 1834 Zollverein
153. customs union, economic unification
154. political unification
155. King William I (1861-88)
156. Otto Von Bismarck
157. blood + iron chancellor
158. as chancellor
159. used nationalism in the cause of conservatism
160. increase Prussian military
161. Machiavellian intrigue was commendable as long as it worked
162. Realpolitik
163.
164.
165. Austro Prussian War 1866
166. Seven Weeks War
167. North German Confederation
168. South German States
169. Catholic
170.
hostile to
171.
172.
will use the
controversy of succession to
173.
174.
war with
175. Franco Prussian War 1870 71
176. a triumph of planning
177. captured Napoleon III
178.
besieged
179. results
180.
181.
loss of
182. Unification of Southern German states
183.
184. Kaiser
185. balance of power has been upset
186.
Austrian
Empire
187.
loss of Lombardy,
188.
Magyars of
189. Settlement of 1867
190.
split
191. Dual Empire
192. autonomy for the Magyars
193.
Rise
of Racial Nationalism, extreme nationalism
194.
195. Volkish Thought
196. racism, purity of the race, concept of the Master Race
197. Jews singled out
198. Rise of Jewish nationalism
199. Jewish state
200. Theodore Herzl
201. launched the Zionist movement
202. directed his appeal to economically impoverished Jew
203. was influenced by the Dreyfuss Case
204.
205. politics most progressive nation
206.
Queen
207. reforms for the workers
208. Gladstone Liberal
209. Disraeli Conservative
210. reform bill 1867- city workers
211. reform bill 1884- rural workers
212. Labour Party interest of workers
213.
A major development in
214. Irish Question- more Irish control of local government, the ownership and management of Irish land by British landlords
215. Major Problem in the 19th century
216. Great Famine
217. Protestant Control
218. Fenians Sinn Fein
219. increasing violence
220. 1916 Easter Rebellion
221.
222.
223.
224. Napoleon III ( Louis Napoleon Bonaparte)
225. Second Fr. Republic
226. National Assembly refused a second term
227. Overthrew the Republic
228.
229. Foreign affairs
230.
231.
Maximilian, Emperor of
232. Napoleon III became more liberal after 1860 because his foreign policy was unsuccessful
233. Franco Prussian War, poorly organized, poorly equipped and miserably led
234. Provisional government
235.
Paris Commune- Paris declared its independence
from the rest of
236. Communards- leader of this socialists evolution
237. Adolphe Thiers, head of the Provisional Government
238.
siege of
239.
240.
241. constitution
242. Reichstag
243. federal system
244.
245.
saw two obstacles to
the submission of
246. Catholics + Socialists
247. Kulturkampf (struggle for culture)
248. series of laws in 1873
249. backfired strengthened the Catholics formed the Catholic Center Party
250. Socialists
251. 1878 two attempts on the Kaiser s life
252. blamed the socialists
253. Social Democratic Party
254.
255.
256.
many problems, the Pope
refused to recognize the new
257.
258.
paranoia would
dominate the Russian Empire
259. Nicholas I (1825 1855)
260. repression, no freedoms, closed the borders with the west
261. Alexander II (1855 1881)
262. came to power during the Crimean war, brought it to an end
263. 1861 serfs liberated
264. liberals stopped by censorship and the police
265. 1860s and 1870s rise of revolutionaries
266. Alexander III (1881 1894)
267. returned to the policy og Nicholas I
268. Nicholas II (1894 1917)
269. modernize through industrialization
270. Russo Japanese War 1904
271. Revolution 1905