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1
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- Government: the procedures and
institutions by which people govern and rule themselves.
- Politics: the process by which
people decide who shall govern and what policies shall be adopted.
- Politicians: the people who
fulfill the tasks of operating government.
- Political Science: the study of
the principles, procedures, and structures of government; and the analysis of political ideas,
institutions, behaviors, and practices.
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2
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- The damage that people have inflicted on their environment
- Climate change
- Enemies
- Changes in friendly trading partners
- Society’s political, economic and social responses to these shifts
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3
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- Globalization
- The revolution in information technology
- The nation’s chronic deficits
- Pattern of energy consumption
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4
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- Educating our workforce in an age where globalization and information
technology have merged into a force that is disrupting job markets.
- Overcoming the "War on Math," which has led us to recklessly
cut taxes and ignore the impact of deficits and the growing dept burden,
and the "War on Physics" which has led to rampant denial of
the realities of climate change science and energy policy.
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5
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- Political failure, driven by gridlock and the overwhelming influence of
money in politics, and our failure to invest in basic scientific
research, critical infrastructure and to implement and maintain rational
regulation of markets.
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6
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- Participation-balance between faith and skepticism
- Requires faith concerning our common human enterprise
- Tolerance and protection of others’ rights
- By politicians-trusteeship government
- A gap exists-actual and the ideal politician
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7
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- Constitutional democracy-enforces limits on those who govern and allows
free and fair elections
- Direct democracy (Athens)-citizens come together to discuss and pass
laws
- Distinguishing feature of democracy is that government derives authority
from its citizens
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8
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- Formerly a term of derision demagogues
- Positive meaning only in last 100 years
- Democracy today means representative democracy
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9
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- Popular consent
- Personal liberty
- Respect for the individual
- Equality of opportunity
- Democratic values in conflict
- Individualism may conflict with the collective welfare or the public
good.
- Self- determination may conflict with equal opportunity.
- Much of our political combat revolves around how to strike a balance
among democratic values
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10
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- Fair and free elections
- Majority rule-Constitution reflects fear of tyranny by majority
- Freedom of expression-access to information
- The right to assemble and protest
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11
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- Federalism
- Separation of powers
- Checks and balances
- Bill of Rights
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12
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- Educational conditions
- High levels of education
- Economic conditions
- relatively prosperous nation, with an equitable distribution of wealth
- Social conditions
- Bind people together and lead debate and discussion—nation’s “social
capital”
- Ideological conditions
- Democratic consensus
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13
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- “fragile league of friendship”
- Problems:
- 1.lack of a national judiciary system
- 2. lack of an executive branch
- 3.inability to levy taxes to support army/navy
- Annapolis Convention in 1786
- Shays’ Rebellion acted as a catalyst
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14
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- The delegates(40 of 55)
- Prime movers at the convention
- Secret proceedings (flexibility/weaken)
- Consensus (protection of property)
- The Virginia Plan (based on population)
- The New Jersey Plan (single house/equal vote)
- The Great or Connecticut Compromise
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15
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- The compromise between large and small states over representation in
Congress.
- The compromise between North and South over the regulation and taxation
of foreign commerce. (two-thirds majority to approve Senate - ratify
treaties)
- The compromise between North and South over the counting of slaves for
the purpose of taxation and representation. Three-fifths compromise.
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16
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- It is ironic that it was a liberal northern delegate, James Wilson of
Pennsylvania, who proposed the Three-Fifths Compromise, as a way to gain
southern support for a new framework of government. Southern states had
wanted representation apportioned by population; after the Virginia Plan
was rejected, the Three-Fifths Compromise seemed to guarantee that the
South would be strongly represented in the House of Representatives and
would have disproportionate power in electing Presidents.
- Over the long term, the Three-Fifths Compromise did not work as the
South anticipated. Since the northern states grew more rapidly than the
South, by 1820, southern representation in the House had fallen to 42
percent. Nevertheless, from Jefferson's election as President in 1800 to
the 1850s, the three-fifths rule would help to elect slaveholding
Presidents. Southern political power increasingly depended on the
Senate, the President, and the admission of new slaveholding states.
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17
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- Federalists versus Antifederalists
- The politics of ratification
- Federalists advantage (newspapers, moved quickly)
- Antifederalists-poorer backgrounds, backcountry regions, rural areas
- The Federalist essays (Hamilton, Madison, Jay) 85 letters in 1787-1788,
urging support of the Constitution
- Lack of a Bill of Rights (originally the Constitution did not include)
- The reason American democracy has survived this long is that Americans
have a shared commitment to the Constitution and to each other.
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Notes
